The Westland design, internally designated P. 8, was the work of Arthur Davenport under the direction of "Teddy" Petter. “A lot of incredibly skilled people have poured their heart and soul into the Lysander−the finished aeroplane is a manifestation of that. 118 Squadron and No. Westland Lysander at the Shuttleworth Collection. Living Warbirds is your largest aircraft and aviation resource. Following its grant, the aeroplane was flown to the Goodwood Revival over the weekend of 7-9 September and entered into the annual Freddie March Spirit of Aviation Concours d’Elegance, where it was awarded second place. The Westland Lysander is a British army co-operation and liaison aircraft produced by Westland Aircraft that was used immediately before and during the Second World War. However, protracted ground running can be detrimental to bedding in what is effectively a new engine, as running with low loading can cause the oil to form a glaze on the cylinder walls. Magnetos are switched on and−with sufficient priming−the engine fires as soon as the starter button is activated. “You could turn final at 55 mph with full nose-up trim, slats and flaps down, holding it in the air with power on. The Lysander is the latest chapter of that rich history, but not the last. PUBLISHED: 13:27 20 August 2020 | UPDATED: 13:38 20 August 2020. Lysander Replica Aircraft Arrives On Saturday 16 June the Museum received its latest acquisition, a full-size replica of a Westland Lysander Mk III (Special Duties), the short take-off and landing aircraft used by the RAF’s No 161 Squadron for Special Operations Executive (SOE) pick-up operations from RAF Tangmere during moonlight nights in the Second World War. “Restoring it would be a real challenge. That was a new and unsettling experience for me, and at the time I couldn’t get my head around why.”. Lysander was a British army co-operation and liaison aircraft of World War II. Everything rationalised, I was able to delve into the testing whilst appreciating the experience.”. During the war, the Lysander was used in a variety of roles, including observation, ground attack, snd transport. It is in the go-around the Lysander’s worst traits come to the fore. In all, 24 Lysanders were used by the FAFL. If one changes without the other, it could be a gauging problem and you’d keep the aeroplane in an orbit over the aerodrome while you monitor it. It was built by Westlands during 1940 and is believed to be the only solely Westland built Lysander to be restored to airworthy condition in the UK, the others having incorporated Canadian built components. While general supply drops could be left to the rest of No. 138’s aircraft, the Lysander could insert and remove agents from the continent or retrieve Allied aircrew who had been … Back to the first flight: “everything is smooth in the ascent, and I’m settling down to what would be a normal cruise power setting of +1 lb/sq in boost and 1,750 rpm, seeing 160 mph on the clock and watching the cylinder head temperature coming down to 150°C. Egyptian Lysanders were the last to see active service, against Israel in the 1947–1949 Palestine war. Once north-west of Cambridge and within sight of the diversionary airfield at Bourn, a timed climb to height was flown at +2¼ lb/sq in boost with the propeller in coarse pitch, cowling gills a quarter open, two divisions of nose-up trim and an airspeed of 120 mph with full fuel and a gross take-off weight of 5,568 lb. You’re dealing with a massive aeroplane that is classically British in its design, with all the eccentricities of the era. It first flew on June 15th, 1936, and entered service with the Royal Air Forcein May, 1938. It was Petter's second aircraft design and he spent considerable time interviewing Royal Air Force pilots to find out what they wanted from such an aircraft. 138's aircraft, the Lysander could insert and remove agents from the continent or retrieve Allied aircrew who had been shot down over occupied territory and had evaded capture. I started thinking about the struts failing, the wing folding and it being curtains for me and the aeroplane. Nonetheless, ‘Smudge’ Smith led the work on the wings, establishing how sound the spar booms were and then manufacturing the two-part wooden wing ribs to build up each wing. 1. The Lysander could land on crude and short fields to drop off or pick up agents. Leading edge slats interconnected with the flaps, huge amounts of woodwork and fabricing, a sensitive engine−all the hallmarks of a pretty monumental undertaking.”. [17], The pilots of No. Lysander-equipped 118 Squadron also was redesignated as a fighter squadron. Quite often we see gauge issues with these aeroplanes. Some of these aircraft, now designated type L.1, operated with the Chindits of the British Indian Army in the Burma Campaign of the Second World War. There was a real team effort up until the Blenheim incident in 2003. I note outer slat deployment at 105mph, inner slat and flap deployment at 85mph. Design work on the Lysander began in 1935, as an army cooperation and observation aircraft to replace the Hawker Hector. A visceral experience, for sure, with hot air rushing around the cockpit, the engine roaring and the airflow creating a terrific noise. Incremental nose-up trim is critical to counteract the nose-down pitch characteristic of automatic slat and flap deployment. The high-lift devices gave the Lysander a short take off and landing (STOL) performance much appreciated by the Special Duties pilots such as Squadron Leader Hugh Verity. [11] Nevertheless, throughout the remainder of 1940, Lysanders flew dawn and dusk patrols off the coast[12] and in the event of an invasion of Britain, they were tasked with attacking the landing beaches with light bombs and machine guns. “You need to have the cowling gills wide open on the ground and it’s essential to start into wind, otherwise you’d quickly end up with high temperatures in the cylinders and a low oil temperature.”. “In flight the vibration will move that trim wheel forward by itself, so you’re constantly retrimming it. The first Lysanders entered service in June 1938, equipping squadrons for The pinnacle of the Lysander’s post-restoration air display appearances was, perhaps, Duxford’s Battle of Britain Air Show in September 2019, flying alongside the Blenheim and the Shuttleworth Collection’s Lysander and Gladiator. Westland designed and built a rugged high wing monoplane with fixed spatted undercarriage. I fly some gentle pitch ups and pitch downs, and a series of turn reversals and orbits, noting stick loading and climb and turn performance at cruise power. Ultimately, it’s about whether your intuition is that an issue can be resolved in flight, or that you need to get the aeroplane back on the ground, and that decision-making process has to be second nature. “It all started here, and the Lysander’s first flight was a culmination of sorts.”. Initial training was conducted at RCAF Station Rockcliffe (near Ottawa, Ontario) with No. The third and final thirty-minute test flight was flown later on the same day, focusing predominantly on general handling at high and low airspeeds. Fuel is carried in a single 95-gallon main tank located between the cockpit and observer/air gunner’s compartment. The six core blind-flying instruments are centrally located in front of the pilot, as was standard for all RAF aeroplanes at the time. Prior to going overseas 2 Squadron was disbanded and its airmen reassigned to 110 and 112 Squadrons to bring them up to war establishment (2 Squadron would later reform in England as a Hawker Hurricane unit and eventually be renumbered as 402 Squadron). “You do need to get this aeroplane in the air as soon as you can,” stresses John, “as you need to get the engine working at higher boost with the cooling airflow across the cylinders that you just won’t get on the ground. Recovering from that at 280mph by slowly retarding the throttle, the stick forces are heavy, but the aeroplane remains responsive”. “The lift struts played on my mind for most of the flight, almost like a fixation. RC Models of the Lysander. The outboard slats operated independently and were not connected and each was fitted with an air damper. The Lysander Mk.II was powered by the Bristol Perseus XII radial piston engine (sleeve valve) of 905 horsepower. First, wheels. Keep an eye on the air regulator−if the pressure goes off the clock, you’ll need to come on and off the brakes in flight to dissipate the air. Flying without any navigation equipment other than a map and compass, Lysanders would land on short strips of land, such as fields, marked out by four or five torches or to avoid having to land, the agent, wearing a special padded suit, stepped off at very low altitude and rolled to a stop on the field. 138's aircraft, the Lysander could insert and remove agents from the continent or retrieve Allied aircrew who had been shot down over occupied territory and had evaded capture. The photograph shows a different color demarcation between the upper and lower colors - the Black starts just beneath the cockpit, not at the bottom of the aircraft: According to the article in Aeroplane magazine, "this Lysander never served with an operational squadron". The wing itself was fabric covered and its thickness was greatest at the strut anchorage, similar to that of later marks of the Stinson Reliant high-winged transport monoplane. Initially Hawker Aircraft, Avro and Bristol were invited to submit designs, but after some debate within the Ministry, a submission from Westland was invited as well. “Parts from a Bristol Mercury XX acquired from the Netherlands during the Blenheim project were combined with the engine pulled out of our aeroplane to produce one complete unit. It needed just 250 meters for a take off to 50 feet and it needed just 320 meters for a landing from an altitude of 50 feet. Aborting a landing requires consideration of the limitations of both the engine and elevator trim. The Lysander Mk.III (also 517 examples built) was fitted with the Bristol Mercury XX or Mercury 30 (347 aircraft) series radial engines of 870 horsepower. Pilots tell us that vision from the cockpit of the Westland Lysander is excellent due to their high position, well over the … [4] The inboard slats were connected to the flaps and to an air damper in the port wing which governed the speed at which the slats operated. 613 Squadron (RAF): Second World War", Military Ally or Liability, The Egyptian Army 1936–42, "Airframe Dossier – Westland Lysander IIIA, s/n 1589 RCAF", "Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum Flyfest Hamilton, Ontario, 20–21 June 2009. Other export customers for the Lysander included the Finnish Air Force (which received four Mk.I and nine Mk.III aircraft), the Irish Air Corps (which took delivery of six Mk.II aircraft), the Turkish Air Force (which received 36 Mk.IIs), the Portuguese Air Force (which took delvery of eight Mk.IIIA aircraft), the United States Army Air Forces (which received 25), the Indian Air Force (which took delivery of 22) and No. The Lysander’s second test flight came the following day, This was a longer 35-minute flight from Duxford, in which Romain assessed the aeroplane’s climb performance and performed a dive to Vne. Griffiths, Frank, Winged Hours, 1981, p. 12. In all there were three squadrons ready to begin operations against the Axis Powers. “The emphasis transitioned to that repair work, and big chunks of the Blenheim went into Building 66. As soon as the systems and the engine give you a level of comfort that everything is doing what it should, it’s onto general handling and giving the engine a workout whilst getting used to the performance. “I had felt incredibly exposed in flight,” he reveals with great candour. By late 1944 all Canadian Lysanders had been withdrawn from flying duties.[21]. The originals were badly damaged, and we’d gone through an authorised repair on them, including X-raying. [1] Among its aircraft were Lysander Mk.IIIs, which flew over and landed in occupied France. “We knew it would be a huge undertaking. Thereafter you can handle it like any engine.”. Aircraft seen here taking off from Duxford heading off to Old Warden Airshow . 121 Squadron RCAF and several Operational Training Units (OTUs) used Lysanders – painted in a high-visibility yellow-and-black-striped scheme – for target towing duties.[21]. To give it the long range it needed, the aircraft had to be lightened by removing all unnecessary equipment such as guns, armour protection and excess radio equipment, retaining only the … “Controls are fairly light, but the ailerons feel slow to make any significant rolling motion and the elevator remains sensitive. "[10] The view of Army AOP pilots was that the Lysander was too fast for artillery spotting purposes, too slow and unmanoeuverable to avoid fighters, too big to conceal quickly on a landing field, too heavy to use on soft ground and had been developed by the RAF without ever asking the Army what was needed. We had a mix of engineers and volunteers getting into it. If the cylinder walls get very hot, it compounds the glazing problem and you could end up with an engine that consumes oil heavily and smokes. In recounting the maiden flight of the Aircraft Restoration Company’s Westland Lysander MkIIIA V9312 in August 2018, John alludes to the latest chapter of a saga that dates back to 1974 and spans three Blenheim rebuilds, personal involvement with two other airworthy Lysanders, and V9312’s restoration. Its home, initially at least, was ARCo’s famous Building 66 workshop−the beating heart of the Blenheim rebuild projects−where it was stripped down ahead of a full restoration. ", "The Sergeant Clifford Stewart Westland Lysander IIIA", "Transfert Lysander statique vers Landen", "Airframe Dossier – Westland Lysander III, s/n 2442 RCAF, c/r OO-SOT", "News 14/11/2009 : Westland Lysander T1562 V9562 in restoration fo", Westland Lysander – Aircraft Restoration Company, "Airframe Dossier – WestlandLysander, c/n 1244", Westland Lysander aircraft profile. The elevator trim wheel−so vital to the Lysander’s operation, as we shall see−sits low to the left of the pilot’s thigh, antilockwise movement of the wheel decreasing the incidence of the tailplane (i.e giving nose-up trim). The result of Petter's pilot enquiries suggested that field of view, low-speed handling characteristics and STOL performance were the important requirements. Straight oils will stick to the surfaces and stay on the bores. In all, it lasted just twenty minutes, chock-to-chock. “You have to just bite the bullet, get the trim in, hold the nose high and match the power to that angle of attack,” explains John. The first Lysanders entered service in June 1938, equipping squadrons for army co-operation and were initially used for message-dropping and artillery spotting. After World War II, some Lysander aircraft were used for Canadian agriculture as crop dusters. Hasselblad - A camera closely connected to aviation, CAA publishes Version 3 of the Skyway Code (March 2021). “We saw the difference latterly as the oil consumption went from being high initially to stabilising at a lower level, at which point we knew the engine had run in. [1] The wings had a reverse taper towards the root, which gave the impression of a bent gull wing from some angles, although the spars were straight. [3] It also featured the largest Elektron alloy extrusion made at the time: the one-piece frame, already mentioned, that support the wings and wheels. The wings were equipped with automatic slats which lifted away from the leading edge as the airspeed decreased towards stalling speed. Stability is good in pitch, a little less so in roll, as is the case across all airspeeds. The cowling gills are opened and closed by a handle on the starboard side. It’s only after the event that you appreciate the wider significance of what you’ve been involved in…” He trails off for a moment. Powered by one 890 hp (664 kW) Bristol Mercury XII radial piston engine. “You can accept a drop of up to 140 rpm on the magnetos, but it’s rare to get that−normally the Mercury will tell you it’s unhappy on a magneto check by hunting 200 rpm and backfiring, which means the spark plugs are oiled up.”. An RC Lysander is now available in 3 different models. Aircraft was built in 1940 at the Westland factory in Yeovil Somerset uk Built originally for the RAF as V9552 this aircraft went to Canada in 1942 as a target tug for the RCAF. Optional spat-mounted stub wings carried 500 lb (227 kg) of bom… “You do not want to open the throttle without retrimming, otherwise the Lysander will pitch nose-high, roll over and crash. Power is maintained at zero boost to achieve 150mph, and as the aeroplane climbs through 500ft the propeller is brought into coarse pitch and the cowling gills closed. I thought about it for a few days and we spoke again, agreeing a price. 123 Squadron running an army co-operation school there. Dec 4, 2020 - Scale Aircraft Modelling Community - Features, Forums, Gallery, and More. SEAGULL WESTLAND LYSANDER PRICE SHOWN INCLUDES A $125.00 SHIPPING SURCHARGE. Davenport and Petter designed an aircraft to incorporate these features. Dave Ratcliffe used to work on it, as he was just starting out with us. Jan 23, 2018 - Scale Aircraft Modelling Community - Features, Forums, Gallery, and More. Lysander V9312 (G-CCOM) has been owned by the Aircraft Restoration Company since 2003 and was restored to flying condition by a team of full time and volunteer engineers. Mar 30, 2019 - Explore Steve Harrison's board "Lysander", followed by 229 people on Pinterest. The army wanted a tactical and artillery reconnaissance aircraft to provide photographic reconnaissance and observation of artillery fire in daylight – up to about 15,000 yards (14 km) behind the enemy front. “Then it’s crucial to bring the power back to assess the low-speed handling, as you never know whether you’ll need to get the aeroplane back on the ground swiftly−the reality is, though, that if there was a major problem you’d get it back on the ground more rapidly than a normal landing. Before the first flight full-throttle ground testing gave 4 ¼ lb/sq in boost and static revs of 2,600, which gave a reasonable prediction of the anticipated rpm at maximum boost in flight, which is usually accurate to 100 rpm or so. 161 Squadron, transported 101 agents to and recovered 128 agents from Nazi-occupied Europe. Westland Lysander (V9367) IIIA [@ Shuttleworth Collection]. I have a kneepad I can use as well. Despite its appearance, the Lysander was aerodynamically advanced; being equipped with fully automatic wing slats and slotted flaps[2] and a variable incidence tailplane. Lysanders were based at airfields at Newmarket in Suffolk and later Tempsford in Bedfordshire, but used regular RAF stations to fuel-up for the actual crossing, particularly RAF Tangmere. The wings came out of Building 66 for fabricing, which we did in a custom-built tent in the hangar. [14] Some UK-based Lysanders went to work operating air-sea rescue, dropping dinghies to downed RAF aircrew in the English Channel. Third place, incidentally, was awarded to the Lysander’s stablemate, Bristol Blenheim Mk I L6739. Oil pressure is an immediate concern: the Mercury’s system circulates oil at around 100psi on start-up and if the pressure doesn’t rise within thirty seconds, it’s critical to shut down the engine immediately. Access to the lofty cockpit is achieved via a series of footholds on the port undercarriage spat and side of the fuselage which allow the pilot to reach the lift struts and then the cockpit sill. Develop a big sink rate in that position−maybe through a gust of wind or an engine problem−and you’re hitting the ground hard. Slow speed flight was therefore greatly simplified, "and it was possible to bring a Lysander down to land, if not like a lift, at least like an escalator". This adjustment has a marginal effect on static rpm, though the tachometer only reads from 1,400 rpm and at idle power any rpm changes are noted aurally. “I’m holding off the nose-up pitch with forward stick and working the rudder pedals to remain in balance, but the aeroplane feels solid and stable. After three successful test flights, the application for the Lysander’s Permit to Fly was submitted to the Civil Aviation Authority on 30 August 2018. The Lysander Fund chose the unique Westland aircraft to represent their offering, stating: “Known for its utilization in covert missions, the Lysander was advanced with a unique wing design embodied in our logo. The RCAF primarily operated Lysanders in the Army Co-operation role, where they represented a major improvement over the antiquated Westland Wapiti which could trace its origins back to 1916. The unique wing design enabled it to take off and land on very short runways and provided excellent visibility from the cockpit. [7][8] Withdrawn from France during the Dunkirk evacuation, they continued to fly supply-dropping missions to Allied forces from bases in England; on one mission to drop supplies to troops trapped at Calais, 14 of 16 Lysanders and Hawker Hectors that set out were lost. 118 Lysanders were lost in or over France and Belgium in May and June 1940, of a total of 175 deployed.[8][9]. The Lysander had a spatted fixed undercarriage, with landing lights recessed into the front of the spats. It was built by Westlands during 1940 and is believed to be the only solely Westland built Lysander to be restored to airworthy condition in the UK, the others having incorporated Canadian built components. “The next thing of real excitement was the first engine run,” Romain remembers. Before getting into our aeroplane in 2018, I’d last flown a Lysander when I was forty years old, with two young children. That ARCo has, to varying degrees, had a hand in the restoration, preservation or maintenance of three of the four aeroplanes is a testament to their standing in the industry as Bristol Mercury specialists. The Kigass primer and priming controls are on the starboard side of the instrument panel, the control lever having three positions−‘Off’, ‘Prime Carburettor’ and ‘Prime Engine’. For the Vne dive, John climbed to 5,000ft and applied two divisions of nose-down trim. It’s about reading those dials and understanding the story they tell. “You couldn’t instantly stop it with full brake; it slows to a halt fairly sedately by comparison with most aeroplanes and you need to be conscious of that.”. From World War I and World War II airplanes to the fastest fighter jets, you'll find detailed aircraft information about WW1, WW2, and post-war airplanes; WWI, WWII military aircraft video; and so much more! While general supply drops could be left to the rest of No. During that second test flight I established that -2 lb/sq in boost with carb heat on in an orbital descent away from the airfield was an effective means of maintaining sympathetic temperatures. Ultimately you’ve got to have a go yourself and make your own determination.”. “Smell is another big factor−you’re sensitive to the odours of fuel and oil and the potential leaks that may be associated with them, and you’d then be into looking for visual signs of a leakage. Over 1,300 were built by the end of its production run, and they remained … All are ARF airplanes (Almost Ready to Fly), constructed of laser cut balsa and ply and covered in Ultracote.If you click or tap on the photos below, you will find a page devoted to each model, with full details and photographs. 357 Squadron RAF operated six SD Lysanders as C Flight for dropping agents in support of Fourteenth Army in Burma.[20]. Lysanders also filled other less glamorous roles, such as service as target-towing and communication aircraft. John was intimately involved from the outset: “There are pictures of my son George and me taking the engine out. Engine instruments are grouped to the right, comprising gauges for the boost, tachometer, cylinder head and oil temperatures, and fuel and oil pressure. “That brief transitional period between rotating and settling into the climb gives a good idea of slow-speed handling, which will be important later,” says John. After the war a number of surplus ex-Royal Canadian Air Force Lysanders were employed as aerial applicators with Westland Dusting Service, operating in Alberta and western Canada. RAF Westland Lysander V9312 G-CCOM. The cockpit itself, John says, is a reasonably spacious and intuitively laid out environment for its era. Post WWII it was sold to a Canadian collector and then, in 1971, went to the Strathallan Collection in Scotland where it …
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